Flat Design
Strip away the depth and let color, shape, and type do the work.
Clear / 72° high
04
new messages
Night Drive
03:18 / 04:02
A modular dashboard builds hierarchy entirely from scale, solid color, geometry, and direct labels.
Next departure
Civic Center
Red line · inbound
- Platform
- 2 East
- Cars
- 8
- Status
- On time
Flat color becomes information: one route hue, one icon language, and bold type make a dense journey easy to scan.
Move
boldly
A crisp 45-degree shadow adds graphic energy while staying made of hard-edged color rather than realistic light.
How it works
Color
Typography
Characteristics
No depth cues
Shadows, gradients, bevels, and textures are removed. Surfaces are genuinely flat, defined by edges and color rather than simulated light.
Solid, bright color
Large blocks of saturated, high-contrast flat color carry the design, often a bold palette plus one light neutral ground.
Simple geometric shapes
Rectangles, circles, and flat single-color icons, often pictograms drawn with the clarity of transit signage.
Typography-led hierarchy
With depth gone, bold clean sans-serifs and a strong type scale do the work of structuring the page.
Content over chrome
Ornament and framing are stripped back so the content itself is the interface, a core Metro principle.
Grid and whitespace
Swiss-inherited grids and generous negative space organize the layout.
Use it
Figma
Bold flat palette
- Define four to six brand colors plus one light neutral as Figma Variables.
- Apply them only as solid fills; never add a gradient or texture fill.
- Create state colors (hover, pressed) as shade steps of the same hues.
- Use color, not shadow, to separate and group elements.
Limit the palette to a few saturated hues plus one neutral; flat color gets noisy fast.
Type-led hierarchy
- Build a modular type scale as Text Styles, for example 12 / 14 / 16 / 20 / 28 / 40.
- Set clear weight steps so headings and body separate at a glance.
- Use generous line height and whitespace to do the work borders used to.
- Let the largest type and a block of color anchor each screen.
In flat design type does the job depth used to; exaggerate the scale contrast.
Buttons that still look clickable
- Give buttons a solid fill, real padding via Auto Layout, and a clear label.
- Build Variants for default, hover, pressed, and disabled using color shifts.
- For flat 2.0, add one soft shadow or a 1px border to lift the control.
- Keep links visibly distinct with color and weight, not just placement.
Test the weak-signifier risk: ask someone what is tappable before you ship.
Flat icons with a long shadow
- Draw icons as single-color geometric shapes on one shared keyline grid.
- Wrap each in a square tile filled with a flat brand color.
- For the classic long shadow, add a darker shape offset down and to the right, clipped to the tile.
- Keep the shadow hard and flat, with no blur.
The long shadow is a period detail; use it deliberately, not on everything.
Starting points
- Start from a grid and a strong type scale; let structure come from layout, not effects.
- Use solid, flat fills with no gradients, shadows, or textures.
- Pick a small, bold, high-contrast palette plus one light neutral ground.
Research notes & sources
2010 to present
Microsoft (Metro) and Apple (iOS 7)
Screens & product UI
Flat UI, Metro / Modern UI, Authentically digital
Related styles
- NeubrutalismKeeps flat fills and adds ink outlines and zero-blur offset shadows.
- MaximalismLayered ornament, texture, and density against flat design's reductive, decoration-free surfaces.
- ClaymorphismSoft inflated depth layered selectively onto flat design, which is the neutral baseline it decorates.
- Retro-FuturismFlat design's reduction is what killed Frutiger Aero around 2012; chrome, gloss, and neon are the ornament flat stripped away.
- Swiss / International Typographic StyleFlat design inherits its grids, neutral sans-serif type, and function-over-ornament ethic.
- BauhausMetro drew directly on Bauhaus geometry and reduction, the idea that simple shape and color are enough.
- SkeuomorphismThe realism that flat design was a direct revolt against, stripping away the textures and gloss after iOS 7 in 2013.
- Material DesignGoogle's flat 2.0: it keeps flat clarity but adds measured depth through light and shadow to fix weak signifiers.
- Organic ModernMuted earth tones, serif display, and texture where flat design is bright, saturated, and geometric-sans.
- Flat Design: Its Origins, Its Problems, and Why Flat 2.0 Is Better for UsersNielsen Norman Group
- Long-Term Exposure to Flat Design: How the Trend Slowly Makes Users Less EfficientNielsen Norman Group
- Metro (design language)Wikipedia
- Microsoft Metro Design LanguageMicrosoft Learn
- The History of Flat Design: Efficiency, Minimalism, TrendinessThe Next Web
- Flat Design: History and Modern PracticesDesign4Users
- The End of Skeuomorphism: How iOS 7 Changed UI DesignAppleScoop
- Skeuomorphism vs. flat design vs. material design99designs
- Flat 2.0 & How It Solves Flat Design's Usability ProblemsHongkiat
- Flat UI ColorsDesignmodo